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Forging usage scenarios
Product Description
General industrial forgings refer to civilian industries, such as machine tool manufacturing, agricultural machinery, farm tools manufacturing and bearing industries - forgings of hydraulic generators, such as spindles and intermediate shafts.
Forgings used in thermal power plants, such as rotor impellers, retaining spindles, etc. Metallurgical machinery, such as cold rolls, hot rolls and herringbone rolls and other gear shafts.
Forgings of pressure vessels, such as cylinder block, still ring flange and head. Marine forgings such as crankshaft, stern shaft, rudder rod, thrust shaft and intermediate shaft.
They are forging mechanical equipment, such as hammer head, hammer rod, hydraulic press column, cylinder block module forgings are mainly used for hot die forging hammer forging die. Module forging is mainly used for hot die forging hammer forging die.
According to statistics, the forgings used in the automotive industry (such as the left and right steering knuckles, front beams and couplers) account for 80% of the mass of the car. Locomotive forgings, such as axles, wheels, plate springs and crankshafts, account for 60% of their mass in a locomotive. The weight range of forgings is wide. The weight of the forgings varies from a few grams to several hundred tons.
According to the temperature of the blank during processing, forging can be divided into cold forging and hot forging. Cold forging is generally processed at room temperature, and hot forging is processed at a higher recrystallization temperature than the metal blank. [1-2]Classification by structure
Standard material name Use temperature nominal thickness Chemical composition Saurat Strength Sleep mule point mmCEMnSiESEPSCrENiSMoS Other components SaurMPampacu0.2539021524 N Cu0.2551026518N Cu0.254024518N.N+T
Cu=0.2545027520NN+T Cu=0.4048525022 pipe fitting,
Took over in 41520523 a. N.N + T48525020A. N.N. + T51526019A N.N + T supply Yang state note carbon structural steel 1 2000.17 0.230.17 b4726 = 0.37 JB4726JB476JB4726ASME0. 12 asmeasm
EASME035ASME2534750.60-1.000,020 0.0300.25025475S1000.32-0.380.50-0.800.17-40.37D.020 0.030
O 50.25475>100-3000.32-0.380.50-0.800.17-0.3700200000.25025 16Mn4753000.13-0.191.20-1.60 0,20-40.60 |020000 o 00
SA10553859990.350.60-1.050.1-0.35 warranties of 0.30 Cu040 SA266-153859990.350.40-050.15-0.35 0025|0.025
SA266-253869990.35040-1050.15-40.35 0025 0.025 SA266-3538=999050.50-0.900,025 0.025
SA2640.80-135538=9990.300.15-40.35D,025 0.0254852520AN.N+T
The difference in the complexity of the forging geometry structure determines the obvious difference between the forging process and the die design. It is necessary to define the structure type of the forging process design. The industry divides general forgings into 3 categories, and each category is subdivided into 3 groups, a total of 9 groups.
Class I - forgings with the main axis standing on the die and similar two-dimensional dimensions in the horizontal direction (mostly round/rotating body, square or similar shape). The upsetting step is usually used in die forging of this type of forging. It was subdivided into 3 groups according to the difference of forming difficulty.
Group -1: Forgings formed by upsetting and slightly pressing, such as gears with little change in height between hub and rim.
Group -2: forgings formed by extrusion and slightly upsetting or both extrusion, pressing and upsetting, such as universal joint fork, cross shaft, etc.
Group I -3: Forgings formed by composite extrusion, such as hub shafts.
Class II - The main axis is lying in the die forming, and the horizontal dimension is longer. According to the difference degree of the fault area of the vertical main axis, it is subdivided into 3 groups.
The fault area of group -1 vertical spindle line is not different (the ratio of the maximum fault area to the minimum fault area is <1.6, and other equipment can be used to make the forging).
Forgings with large difference in the fault area of group 2 vertical spindle line (the ratio of the maximum fault area to the minimum fault area >1.6, and other equipment is required in front of the forging), such as connecting rods.
Group II-3 end (one or both ends) forgings fork/branch shape, in addition to the above two groups to determine whether the need for billet, must reasonably design the pre-forging step, such as casing fork.
Class I and II forgings are generally planar parting dies or symmetrical surface parting dies, and asymmetric surface parting dies increase the complexity of forgings.
Class III - The main axis zigzag, lying in the mold forming forging. It is subdivided into 3 groups according to the main axis direction.
-1 group main axis is curved in the vertical plane (parting surface is a flat surface or with a drop), but the plan is straight and long axis shape (similar to class II), generally do not need to design a special bending step to form the forging.
2 group of the main axis is bent in the horizontal plane (parting surface is generally flat), must arrange the bending step to form the forging.
-3 forgings whose main axis is spatially curved (asymmetric surface parting die).
There are also forgings with both two or three types of structural features and a higher degree of complexity, such as most automotive steering knuckle forgings. [4]
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